====== Installation und Konfiguration von Ubuntu 20.04 LTS =======
===== Ubuntu besorgen =====
wget https://releases.ubuntu.com/20.04/ubuntu-20.04-desktop-amd64.iso
===== Grundsystem konfigurieren =====
==== Netzwerkeinstellungen ====
* [[https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/351005/how-to-export-and-migrate-networkmanager-settings-to-new-system|https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/351005/how-to-
export-and-migrate-networkmanager-settings-to-new-system]]
sudo su
cp old_system/etc/NetworkManager/system-connections /etc/NetworkManager/
systemctl restart NetworkManager
=== SNAP deinstallieren ===
sudo
apt purge snapd
rm -vrf ~/snap
sudo apt-mark hold snapd
=== Flatpack installieren ===
Quellen:
* [[https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2020/09/warpinator-file-transfer-app-linux/|https://ubuntuhandbook.org/index.php/2020/09/warpinator-file-transfer-app-linux/]]
* [[https://linuxh2o.com/how-to-install-setup-flatpak-on-ubuntu-20-04/|https://linuxh2o.com/how-to-install-setup-flatpak-on-ubuntu-20-04/]]
sudo su
apt install flatpak
flatpak remote-add --if-not-exists flathub https://flathub.org/repo/flathub.flatpakrepo
# GUI:
apt install gnome-software-plugin-flatpak
=== Binaries suchen: ===
$ which firefox
/usr/bin/firefox
$ which gnome-terminal
/usr/bin/gnome-terminal
===== verwendete Paketquellen =====
|Applikation |URL: |Repository/PPA:|
|Clipit |[[https://github.com/CristianHenzel/ClipIt|https://github.com/CristianHenzel/ClipIt]] |ppa:afelinczak/ppa|
|AVIdemux |[[http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/|http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/]] |ppa:ubuntuhandbook1/avidemux|
===== Paketquellen - veraltet oder ungetestet in Ubuntu 20.04 =====
* andreas-diesner-ubuntu-garminplugin-xenial.list --> outdated!
* fingerprint-ubuntu-fingerprint-gui-xenial.list --> in Ubuntu 20.04 integriert, siehe Einstellungen --> Benutzer
* fingerprint-ubuntu-fprint-xenial.list --> siehe oben
* freecad-maintainers-ubuntu-freecad-stable-xenial.list
* jitsi-stable.list
* jonathonf-ubuntu-ffmpeg-4-xenial.list
* jonathonf-ubuntu-meson-xenial.list
* jonathonf-ubuntu-vlc-3-xenial.list
* js-reynaud-ubuntu-kicad-4-xenial.list
* kdenlive-ubuntu-kdenlive-stable-xenial.list
* librecad-dev-ubuntu-librecad-stable-xenial.list
* libreoffice-ubuntu-ppa-xenial.list
* mkusb-ubuntu-ppa-xenial.list
* musicbrainz-developers-ubuntu-stable-xenial.list
* nilarimogard-ubuntu-webupd8-xenial.list
* openjdk-r-ubuntu-ppa-xenial.list
* pbek-ubuntu-qownnotes-xenial.list
* pipelight-ubuntu-stable-xenial.list
* playonlinux.list
* rebuntu16-ubuntu-avidemux_unofficial-xenial.list
* riot-im.list
* savoury1-ubuntu-ffmpeg4-xenial.list
* savoury1-ubuntu-graphics-xenial.list
* savoury1-ubuntu-multimedia-xenial.list
* savoury1-ubuntu-vlc3-xenial.list
* sebastian-stenzel-ubuntu-cryptomator-xenial.list
* skunk-ubuntu-pepper-flash-xenial.list
* teamviewer.list
* telred.list
* ubuntu-wine-ubuntu-ppa-xenial.list
* ufleisch-ubuntu-kid3-xenial.list
* videolan-ubuntu-master-daily-xenial.list
* webupd8team-ubuntu-indicator-kdeconnect-xenial.list
* webupd8team-ubuntu-java-xenial.list
* webupd8team-ubuntu-nemo3-xenial.list
* webupd8team-ubuntu-nemo-xenial.list
* xenial-partner.list
===== Eigene "Starter" erstellen =====
==== generisches Beispiel für eine Anwendung ====
* [[https://developer.gnome.org/desktop-entry-spec/|https://developer.gnome.org/desktop-entry-spec/]]
Beispiele für ''*.desktop'' Dateien findet mn hier: ''/usr/share/applications/''.
cd ~
touch .local/share/applications/yourapp.desktop
mcedit .local/share/applications/yourapp.desktop
#
[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=/path/to/yourapp
Name=YourApp
Comment=Description of YourApp
Icon=/path/to/yourapp.png
#
==== generisches Beispiel für gruppierte Anwendungen ====
* https://askubuntu.com/questions/1034706/adding-grouped-icons-to-favorite-bar-in-ubuntu-18-04
cd ~
touch .local/share/applications/app-folder.desktop
mcedit .local/share/applications/app-folder.desktop
[Desktop Entry]
Name=App folder
Comment=Launch multiple apps from a single launcher
Exec=notify-send "Right click" "to launch your favourite applications!"
Icon=/full/path/to/your/icon-file
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Actions=app1;app2;app3;
[Desktop Action app1]
Name=Files
Exec=nautilus
[Desktop Action app2]
Name=Text Editor
Exec=gedit
[Desktop Action app3]
Name=Terminal
Exec=gnome-terminal
====== Anwendungen installieren ======
===== System-Tools =====
mkdir -p ~/bin
sudo su
apt-get -y update && apt-get -y dist-upgrade
# essential tools:
apt-get -y install mc synaptic aptitude dconf-editor partitionmanager jfsutils reiser4progs reiserfsprogs gnome-system-tools gparted git libpam-mount ssh libsecret-tools printer-driver-cups-pdf libcanberra-gtk-module libcanberra-gtk3-module cifs-utils smb4k vpnc network-manager-vpnc-gnome
#
# other necessary tools
apt-get -y install brasero gnome-tweak-tool unity-tweak-tool gnome-tweaks keepassxc xfsprogs hfsprogs wireshark chrome-gnome-shell ubuntu-restricted-extras gnome-shell-extensions gpsbabel gpsbabel-gui ffmpeg vlc h264enc xul-ext-lightning qpdfview pdfsam dvbcut avidemux2.7-qt5 python3-podcastparser python3-html5lib copyq
===== Gnome Panel =====
* [[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GNOME_Shell/Extensions/|https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/GNOME_Shell/Extensions/]]
===== GoCryptfs =====
[[https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/EncFS|Encfs]] wird aktuell nicht gepflegt, gnome-encfs-manager funktioniert nicht korrekt da API ab Ubuntu 19.04 geändert wurde. Ein sehr guter Ersatz ist [[https://nuetzlich.net/gocryptfs/|https://nuetzlich.net/gocryptfs/|gocryptfs]].
# gocryptfs - einfch aus dem Ubuntu Repository heraus
apt install gocryptfs
oder zu Fuß:
* https://nuetzlich.net/gocryptfs/quickstart/
* https://github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs/wiki/Mounting-on-login-using-pam_mount
sudo apt install golang libssl-dev
# als user:
go get -d github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs
cd $(go env GOPATH)/src/github.com/rfjakob/gocryptfs
./build.bash
sudo cp go/bin/gocryptfs /usr/local/bin/
Konfiguration:
# init and use it:
mkdir ~/.gocryptfs ~/Chr_decrypt
gocryptfs -init ~/.gocryptfs
#
# Passwort im Gnome-Schlüsselbund eintragen - aktuell aber nicht verwendet!
# secret-tool store --label="GoCryptfs" gocryptfs /home/christoph/.gocryptfs
# gocryptfs --extpass="secret-tool lookup gocryptfs /home/christoph/.gocryptfs" ~/.gocryptfs ~/Chr_decrypt
Auto Mount via ''Startprogramme''' - der einfache Weg: \\
--> Startprogramme:
sh -c "/usr/bin/zenity --password --title="GoCryptFS" | /usr/bin/gocryptfs -q .gocryptfs/ Chr_decrypt/"
Auto Mount via ''Startprogramme''' - der elegante Weg:\\
--> Startprogramme:
sh -c "~/bin/mount_gocryptfs.sh mount"
#!/bin/bash
# show zenity dialog to enter password and mount encrypted folder
# sh -c "/usr/bin/zenity --password --title="GoCryptFS" | /usr/bin/gocryptfs -q .gocryptfs/ Chr_decrypt/"
action=$1
case "$action" in
mount)
if [ -e /home/christoph/Chr_decrypt/gocryptfs_Chr_decrypted ]; then
echo "already mounted"
else
echo "mounting .."
/usr/bin/zenity --password --title="GoCryptFS" | /usr/bin/gocryptfs -q .gocryptfs/ Chr_decrypt/
fi
;;
umount)
if [ -e /home/christoph/Chr_decrypt/gocryptfs_Chr_decrypted ]; then
echo "unmounting ..."
fusermount -u /home/christoph/Chr_decrypt
else
echo "already unmounted"
fi
;;
*) echo "Command unknown!"
;;
esac
===== USB Security Dongle =====
==== Nitrokey ====
* https://www.nitrokey.com/download/ubuntu
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:nitrokey/nitrokey
sudo apt install nitrokey-app
# https://decatec.de/home-server/nextcloud-zwei-faktor-authentifizierung-mit-nitrokey-fido2/
wget https://www.nitrokey.com/sites/default/files/41-nitrokey.rules
sudo mv 41-nitrokey.rules /etc/udev/rules.d/
==== Solokey ====
xxx
==== Yubico Authenticator ====
* yubico-ubuntu-stable-xenial.list
===== Online Banking & Reiner-SCT Kartenleser =====
Einrichtung des Reiner-SCT CyberJack e-com --> [[https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/HBCI_Kartenleser/|https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/HBCI_Kartenleser/]]\\
apt-get install aqbanking-tools libccid libifd-cyberjack6 libchipcard-data libchipcard-tools libchipcard-libgwenhywfar60-plugins pcsc-tools
pcsc_scan
==== Jameica & Hibiscus ====
* [[https://www.willuhn.de/wiki/doku.php?id=start|https://www.willuhn.de/wiki/doku.php?id=start]]
* [[https://www.willuhn.de/products/hibiscus/download.php|https://www.willuhn.de/products/hibiscus/download.php]]
# install OpenJDK first!
wget https://www.willuhn.de/products/jameica/releases/current/jameica/jameica-linux64.zip
unzip jameica-linux64.zip
./jameica.sh
===== UNetbootin =====
sudo su
add-apt-repository ppa:gezakovacs/ppa
aptitude install unetbootin
===== Epson Perfection V300 Scanner =====
* [[http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/|http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/]]
sudo su
# Treiber herunterladen
wget https://download2.ebz.epson.net/iscan/plugin/gt-f720/deb/x64/iscan-gt-f720-bundle-2.30.4.x64.deb.tar.gz
# ... entpacken ...
tar xfz iscan-gt-f720-bundle-2.30.4.x64.deb.tar.gz
# ... installieren ...
cd iscan-gt-f720-bundle-1.0.1.x64.deb/
./install.sh
# Root PW eingeben ;-)
#
# fehlende UDEV Regel erstellen:
echo "ATTRS{manufacturer}==\"EPSON\", DRIVERS==\"usb\", SUBSYSTEMS==\"usb\", ATTRS{idVendor}==\"04b8\", ATTRS{idProduct}==\"*\", MODE=\"0777\"" >> /etc/udev/rules.d/79-udev-epson.rules
#
# Benutzer der Gruppe scanner hinzufügen:
adduser scanner
===== Brother HL3170CDW =====
* [[https://support.brother.com/g/b/producttop.aspx?c=de&lang=de&prod=hl3170cdw_all|https://support.brother.com/g/b/producttop.aspx?c=de&lang=de&prod=hl3170cdw_all]]
wget https://download.brother.com/welcome/dlf006893/linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.2-2.gz
tar xfz linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.2-2.gz
sudo ./linux-brprinter-installer-2.2.2-2
===== XXXX =====
# ppa:tomtomtom/woeusb --> apt-get install woeusb
KRDC
Filezilla
Pyrenamer
====== Virtualisierung ======
===== Wine =====
xxx
===== PlayonLinux =====
xxx
===== VirtualBox 6.1.x =====
*[[https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads|https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Linux_Downloads]]
* [[https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-virtualbox-on-ubuntu-20-04/|https://linuxize.com/post/how-to-install-virtualbox-on-ubuntu-20-04/]]
wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
sudo echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian $(lsb_release -cs) contrib" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/virtualbox.list
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install virtualbox-6.1
#
wget https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/6.1.8/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-6.1.8.vbox-extpack
sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-6.1.8.vbox-extpack
sudo adduser $USER vboxusers
====== Kommunikation & Massanger ======
* [[https://riot.im/download/desktop/|https://riot.im/download/desktop/]] - bisher nicht verwendet!
===== Telegram =====
* [[https://desktop.telegram.org/|https://desktop.telegram.org/]]
mkdir ~/bin/Telegram
cd ~/bin/Telegram
wget -O telegram-desktop.tar.xz https://tdesktop.com/linux
tar -Jxf telegram-desktop.tar.xz
./Telegram
===== Signal =====
* [[https://signal.org/de/download/|https://signal.org/de/download/]]
wget -q -O "-" https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt/keys.asc | sudo apt-key add -
echo "deb [arch=amd64] https://updates.signal.org/desktop/apt xenial main" | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list.d/signal-xenial.list
sudo apt update && sudo apt install signal-desktop
===== Thunderbird =====
* Thunderbird --> bereits vorinstalliert
====== Office & Co. ======
===== Foxit Reader =====
* [[https://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf-reader/|https://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf-reader/]]
wget https://cdn01.foxitsoftware.com/pub/foxit/reader/desktop/linux/2.x/2.4/en_us/FoxitReader.enu.setup.2.4.4.0911.x64.run.tar.gz
tar xfz FoxitReader.enu.setup.2.4.4.0911.x64.run.tar.gz
./FoxitReader.enu.setup.2.4.4.0911\(r057d814\).x64.run
===== Google Chrome =====
wget -q -O - https://dl.google.com/linux/linux_signing_key.pub | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo "deb [arch=amd64] http://dl.google.com/linux/chrome/deb/ stable main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list.d/google-chrome.list'
sudo apt update
sudo apt install google-chrome-stable
# oder:
wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
==== weiteres ... ====
* LibreOffice --> wird mitgeliefert!
* LaTex (via Synaptic)
* Gummi (via Synaptic)
* TOR Browser Bundle
* GIMP --> wird mitgeliefert!
* WikidPad (2.2)
===== Multimedia =====
* [[https://picard.musicbrainz.org/|https://picard.musicbrainz.org/]]
* [[https://www.bitblokes.de/freedb-org-macht-dicht-die-freie-datenbank-ab-31-maerz-2020-eingestellt/|https://www.bitblokes.de/freedb-org-macht-dicht-die-freie-datenbank-ab-31-maerz-2020-eingestellt/]]
* [[https://www.bsdforen.de/threads/freedb-org-cddb-gibt-es-nicht-mehr-kann-man-ripperx-mit-anderer-musikdatenbank-benutzen.35675/|https://www.bsdforen.de/threads/freedb-org-cddb-gibt-es-nicht-mehr-kann-man-ripperx-mit-anderer-musikdatenbank-benutzen.35675/]]
* [[https://askubuntu.com/questions/1255906/topic-ripper-x-asunder-cd-ripper|https://askubuntu.com/questions/1255906/topic-ripper-x-asunder-cd-ripper]]
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:gpodder/ppa
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get insstall gpodder
Fehlerbehebung in der Gpodder SQLite Datenbank:
sudo su
apt-get install sqlitebrowser
sqlitebrowser
==== PulseAudio ====
PulseAudio Lautstärkeeinstellung für Ausgabegerät merken und in jeder Anwendung wieder herstellen:\\
* https://askubuntu.com/questions/1187401/how-can-i-stop-firefox-from-dropping-volume-on-new-media
* https://askubuntu.com/questions/1257380/inconsistent-sound-volume-ubuntu-20-04
sudo su
echo "flat-volumes = yes" >> /etc/pulse/daemon.conf
==== ffmped from source ====
* [https://linuxconfig.org/ubuntu-20-04-ffmpeg-installation|https://linuxconfig.org/ubuntu-20-04-ffmpeg-installation]]
sudo apt update
sudo apt install libopus-dev libmp3lame-dev libfdk-aac-dev libvpx-dev libx264-dev yasm libass-dev libtheora-dev libvorbis-dev mercurial cmake build-essential
mkdir ~/ffmpeg; cd ~/ffmpeg
hg clone https://bitbucket.org/multicoreware/x265
cd x265/build/linux
PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" cmake -G "Unix Makefiles" -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$HOME/ffmpeg_build" -DENABLE_SHARED:bool=off ../../source && PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH"
sudo make && sudo make install
if [ -d ~/ffmpeg ]; then cd ~/ffmpeg; else mkdir ~/ffmpeg && cd ~/ffmpeg; fi
wget -O- http://ffmpeg.org/releases/ffmpeg-snapshot.tar.bz2 | tar xj
cd ~/ffmpeg/ffmpeg
PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" PKG_CONFIG_PATH="$HOME/ffmpeg_build/lib/pkgconfig" \
./configure \
--prefix="$HOME/ffmpeg_build" \
--pkg-config-flags="--static" \
--extra-cflags="-I$HOME/ffmpeg_build/include" \
--extra-ldflags="-L$HOME/ffmpeg_build/lib" \
--extra-libs="-lpthread -lm" \
--bindir="$HOME/bin" \
--enable-gpl \
--enable-libass \
--enable-libfdk-aac \
--enable-libfreetype \
--enable-libmp3lame \
--enable-libopus \
--enable-libtheora \
--enable-libvorbis \
--enable-libvpx \
--enable-libx264 \
--enable-libx265 \
--enable-nonfree && \
PATH="$HOME/bin:$PATH" sudo make && sudo make install
...
# check version:
ffmpeg -version
sudo su
apt-get install asunder ripperx eyed3 id3 easytag abcde id3ren kid3 audacity mediainfo mediainfo-gui
## Kid3-qt (MP3 ID3 Tag Editor) Char Encoding Probleme
* Kdenlive
* handbrake
* Xine
* Kodi
==== guvcview ====
sudo apt-get nstall guvcview v4l-utils
v4l2-ctl --list-devices
HD Pro Webcam C920 (usb-0000:00:14.0-2.2):
/dev/video2
/dev/video3
/dev/media1
v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video2 --list-ctrls
v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video2 --set-ctrl=exposure_auto=1
v4l2-ctl -d /dev/video2 --set-ctrl=focus_auto=0
===== CAD & Mechanik =====
libreCAD
FreeCAD
eagle 7.7.0
CURA
===== Coding & Co. =====
Arduino IDE
gcc
make
python3
Java
kdiff3